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Motor_Oil 来自老外的最权威机车之机油圣典_山上的丘陵_新浪博客
来自 : 新浪博客
发布时间：2021-03-24
I am going to bring up the constant flow pump concept. First，itgoes back to the principal that doubling the pressure of the samegrade oil does not exactly double the flow but it is close. Alsodoubling the RPM for the same reason does not exactly double theflow but again it is close.下面引出恒流泵这个概念。首先，回到主要的，同样粘度级机油，双倍的压力事实上不会获得双倍的流速但会接近双倍。同样，双倍的转数也不会精确的获得双倍的流速，但同样很接近。This shows the problembest:这个能很好的说明这个问题：(A) For a 30grade oil at operatingtemperature：运转温度下 30 粘度级机油：RPM.......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000……20 PSI........12,000……40 PSI........24,000.......80 PSI........4
8,000.....160 PSI........8 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5(B)For a 30 grade oil at operatingtemperature运转温度下 30 粘度级机油：
and a higher output oilpump:高输出机油泵：RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000......30 PSI.......1.5
2,000......60 PSI.......3
4,000....120 PSI.......6 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5
8,000....240 PSI.......12we stick with the same grade oil and increase the oil pump outputwe will increase the pressure and the oil flow too. If we doublethe oil pump output we will double the pressure and we will doublethe oil flow.如果我们使用相同粘度级的机油，增加机油泵输出，会增加机油压力和机油流速。如果机油泵双倍输出，我们也将获得双倍机油压力和双倍的流速。(C)For a 40 grade oil at operatingtemperature:运转温度下 40 粘度级机油：The oil is thicker, has more internal resistance and thereforerequires more pressure to get the same flow. Compare this with机油变粘了，有更大的内部阻力，因此需要更大的压力得到相同的流速。与(A)对比：RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000......30 PSI.......1
2,000......60 PSI.......2
4,000....120 PSI.......4 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 3
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 38,000.....240 PSI......8(D)For a 40 grade oil at operatingtemperature运转温度下 40 粘度级机油
and a higher output oilpump:高输出机油泵：
RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000......45 PSI....…1.5
2,000......90 PSI.......3 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 3
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 34,000....180 PSI…....68,000....360 PSI.......12The situations (A) and (C) are close to real life, assuming no lossin the system. This is what happens when you change the 30 gradeoil to a 40 grade oil in your car:假设系统没有损失，（A）和（C）两种情况都很接近实际生活。这就是你从 30 粘度级机油换到 40粘度级机油在你发动机中所发生的：(A) For a 30 grade oil at operatingtemperature:运转温度下 30 粘度级机油：RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数......机油压力.....流速
1,000.....20 PSI........1
2,000.....40 PSI........2
4,000.....80 PSI........4
8,000....160 PSI.......8 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5(C) For a 40 grade oil at operatingtemperature:运转温度下40粘度级机油：
The oil is thicker, has more internal resistance and thereforerequires more pressure to get the same flow.
机油变粘了，有更大的内部阻力，因此需要更大的压力得到相同的流速。RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......30 PSI.......1
2,000......60 PSI.......2
4,000....120 PSI.......4 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 3
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为8,000.....240 PSI......8At 6,000 RPM the maximum rate of flow has been reached with thethinner oil (A). When you go to 7，8 or 9,000 RPM you do not get anymore flow. You only get a maximum rate of 5. The internal forces onthe bearings increase but there is no additional flow of oil.情况（A）使用稀的机油，在 6000 RPM 时机油已经达到了最高流速。当转数上升到 7，8 或 9，000 RPM时，并不能再获得更高的流速了，你依然获得着最大的流速5。内部作用在轴承上的力量增加，但机油流速没有得到增加。With the thicker oil you reach maximum flow at 3,000 RPM (C). Worseyet is that the maximum flow is now only 3. As we increase RPM to4，5，6，7，8，9,000 RPM we get no additional pressure and no additionalflow, no increase in lubrication.情况（C）使用粘的机油，达到机油最大流速在 3,000 RPM 。更糟糕的是那时的最大机油流速仅有 3。当转数上升到4，5，6，7，8，9，000 RPM 时，我们并不会得到更高的机油压力和更高流速，也不会获得额外的润滑。Next let us look at a 20 grade oil at operating temperature. We getthe same flow out of our constant volume pump but the thinner oilrequires less pressure to move through the system. This even goesalong with the rule that we should use an oil that gives us 10 PSIper 1,000 RPM:下面我们看一下 20粘度级的机油在发动机运转温度下的情况。同样的机油泵，同样的流速，稀的机油需要更低压力。这也遵循这相同的原则，我们用的机油每 1000RPM 获得 l0 PSI 的机油压力。RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000..........10 PSI..........1
2,000..........20 PSI..........2
4,000..........40 PSI..........4
8,000..........80 PSI..........8The maximum flow rate has not been reached. If the engine went to9,000 RPM then the flow would be 9 at 90 PSI，our maximum pressureat pop off. The engine now has 3 times the flow rate as with the 40grade oil at full RPM. The nozzles at the bottom of each cylinderare spraying 3 times the amount of oil lubricating and cooling thissection. Everything runs cooler and the separation forces in thebearings are 3 times higher.这个最大流速没有达到。如果发动机达到 9000 RPM ，能达到最大压力 90 PSI 流速会达到 9。这时发动机比 40粘度级机油满转流速快 3 倍，汽缸底部的喷嘴喷出 3 倍数量的机油润滑和散热这一部分。每个零件运转的都更凉爽并且分散了轴承 3倍的受力。For engines that redline at 5,000 RPM they usually pop off the oilpressure at 50 to 60 PSI. For engines that go to 8-9,000 RPM thepressures max out at 90-100 PSI. You can now see that you can onlyget the maximum flow rate if you follow the 10 PSI I 1,000 RPMrule.如果发动机红线在 5000 RPM 通常 50 到 60 PSI 时泄压阀开启。如果发动机红线在 8-9000 RPM，机油压力最大输出为 90-100 PSI 。现在可以看出，你只需遵循 10 PSI / 1,000 RPM这个规律就可以获得最大流速。The winner: 0W-20 grade oil for my Maranello. I said earlier that Icould have used a 10 grade oil. I actually only ran with 185 F oiltemperatures around town and the pressures were similar to the 40grade oil example in (C) above. This is why I also said that in theracetrack condition, with hotter，thinner (0W-20) oil， I mayactually get the optimal results as in (D) above.
获胜者：对于我的 Maranello 是 0W-20 粘度级。我之前说过，我其实想用 10粘度级的机油。实际上我在城市驾驶机油温度仅有 85 度因此机油压力相当于 40粘度级机油如上面的（C）情况。这就是为什么我说在赛道情况，伴随着高热量，稀的（0W-20）机油会获得最佳的效果，如上面的（D）情况。Now let us go back to the Ferrari recommended parameters in my 575Maranello manual. It calls for 75 PSI at 6,000 RPM. The pop offpressure has not been reached. As we now increase the RPM we stillget an increase in flow rate. This is what we need and this isexactly what they are recommending. We get our maximum flow at themaximum system pressure, at about the maximum engine RPM of 7,700.There is no bypassing of the oil. All oil pumped goes through thesystem. There is no wasted BHP pumping oil past the bypass valveback to the oil tank. It is the perfect system.现在我们回到法拉利 575 Maranello 手册里建议的参数。它要求在 6000 RPM 时有 75 PSI的机油压力，这时未达到泄压阀开启压力，增加机油压力也会增加流速。这是我们需要的也正是他们所建议的，在发动机最高转数 7700 RPM时获得最大机油流速和系统最高机油压力。机油没有走旁路，所有的机油泵送到发动机系统中。机油泵的输出没有浪费，机油没有通过旁支泄压阀流回油底壳，这是完美的系统。Finally I will compare a single, 30 grade oil, at normal (212 F)and at racetrack (302 F) temperatures:最后对比一下 30 粘度级机油在一般情况（100 度）和在赛道情况（150 度）：(A) For a 30 grade oil at normal (212 F) operatingtemperature:30 粘度级机油在正常（100 度）运转温度：RPM.......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......20 PSI.........1
2,000......40 PSI.........24,000......80 PSI.........48,000....160 PSI.........8 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5(E) For a 30 grade oil at elevated (302 F) operating temperature.The oil is thinner at 302 F. It requires less pressure to get thesame flow:粘度级机油在升高的（150度）工作温度下。机油在 150 度时会变稀。达到相同的流速它需要更小的机油压力：
RPM.......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......10 PSI.........1
2,000......20 PSI.........24,000......40 PSI.........48,000......80 PSI.........8 Themaximum flow because of the oil pop off valve at 90 PSI will be9
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在90 PSI 时流速为 9
The hotter (302 F) 30 grade oil is thinner than the cooler (212 F)30 grade oil. It has the same flow rate in the constant volume oilpump but at a lower pressure than the oil at normal operatingtemperature. This allows for a doubling of the flow rate at peakRPM. The thinning of oil at higher temperatures is a benefit. Youget more flow, more cooling and more lubrication.热的（150 度）30 粘度级机油比凉的（100 度）30粘度级机油稀。达到相同的机油流速，热的机油比正常工作温度机油需要更小的压力。这样在峰值转数流速能提升一倍。在高温下稀的机油是有好处的，可以获得更高的流速，更好的散热和更好的润滑。The 30 grade oil at 302 F has the exact same flow rate andpressures as the 20 grade oil at 212 F. See (D) above. Therefore,use the 20 grade for around town driving and the 30 grade on thehot track. You get maximum flow at each situation.30 粘度级机油在 150 度时与 20 粘度机油在 100 度时流速和机油压力相同。参照上面（D）情况。因此在城市驾驶使用 20粘度级，在高热的赛道使用 30 粘度级，两种情况你会获得相同的流速。For YOUR engine, substitute the actual flow at 1,000 RPM. If yourengine puts out 1.5 liters/min. at 1,000 RPM it would put out 3liters/min. at 2,000 RPM and 6 liters/min. at 4,000 RPM and so on.The maximum flow in (A) would be 7.5 liters/min. In situations (D)and (E) you would get a maximum of 13.5 liters/min.
对于你的发动机，替代实际流速在 1000 RPM 。如果你的发动机在1000 RPM 时输出为 1.5 升/分钟，在 2000 RPM 时输出 3 升/分钟，在 4000 RPM 时输出 6升/分钟，以此类推。在（A）时最大流速在 7.5 升/分钟，在情况（D）和情况（E）时会获得最大 13.5 升/分钟的流速。Conclusions:
The reason that multi-grade oils were developed in the first placewas to address the problem of oil thickening after engine shutdown.Over the years we have been able to reduce the amount of thickeningthat occurs. Never-the-less there is no oil that does not thickenafter you turn your engine off. This is why we have to warm up ourengines before revving them up. Engine designers always pick therecommended oil based on a hot engine and hot oil. There is noissue with oil thinning as they are both matched when hot. Theproblem is oil thickening when the engine cools.多级机油发展最初是解决发动机熄火后机油变粘这一问题。多年来我们在一定程度上已经能够减少机油变粘这一现象的发生。尽管如此，并存在熄火后一点不变粘的机油。这也是为什么在加速前我们需要预热发动机。发动机设计者选择推荐的机油总是基于热的发动机和热的机油。机油变稀没有问题，因为热了以后与发动机匹配了。问题是温度没达到时机油粘度过大。Cold engine showing very high pressures because of the thickenedoil at startup:
冷的发动机表现为非常高的机油压力，因为在启动时机油粘度很高：For a 40 gradeoil at 75 F at startup:
40 粘度级机油在冷启动 24 度时：The oil is thicker, has more internal resistance and thereforerequires more pressure to get the same flow.
粘的机油内部阻力大，因此需要更大的机油压力才能达到相同的想流速。RPM......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......60 PSI.........1
2,000....120 PSI.........2 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 1.5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在90 PSI 时流速为1.54,000....240 PSI.........48,000....480 PSI.........8At 1,500 RPM you reach the maximum oil flow rate and if you run to8,000 RPM it is the same rate. The flow cannot increase and it isinsufficient. This is why we must wait until our oil temperaturecomes up to 212 F or higher. The maximum flow rate in this casewill then double, up to 3. To get even more flow in our test engineyou need to use a lower viscosity grade.在 1500 RPM 达到了最高机油流速，而且即使转数达到 8000 RPM也是这个流速，不会增加，而且这样的流速是不够的。这也是为什么要等待机油温度上升到 100度或更高的原因。在这种情况，最高流速会增长一倍，达到 3。想获得更高的流速经过我们的测试你需要更换更低粘度的机油。If you have absorbed and digested the information here you shouldbe able to pick out the proper operating oil grade for your car? beit a 30，40, 50 or even 20 grade oil. I have always used oils thatwere a grade thinner than recommended even though many use a gradethicker than recommended. I showed evidence that the starting gradeshould always be0 or 5 (0W-XX or 5W-XX forthicker oils). If you want the best protection and highest outputfrom your motor use a synthetic based oil. The actual brand is notas critical as the viscosity. The rating must be the SL or SMrating. Change your oil every 3 一 5,000 miles and at least everyspring.如果你已经吸收和消化了这些内容，你一定有能力选出适合你驾驶风格和你汽车的机油，它可能是 30，40，50 或者甚至 20粘度级的机油。我一直使用比建议粘度稀一个等级的机油，尽管许多人在使用比建议粘度等级更粘的。之前我已经证明过，启动粘度应该总是 0 或5（对于粘的机油 0W-XX 或5W-XX）。如果想得到更好的保护和更高的输出，那你应该使用全合成机油。事实上，品牌不像粘度那样需要挑剔。等级一定要 SL 或 SM级。更换你的机油每 3-5000 英里并且至少春季要更换一次。Final examination to follow later.
随后是最终测试。THE END
8,000.....160 PSI........8 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5(B)For a 30 grade oil at operatingtemperature运转温度下 30 粘度级机油：
and a higher output oilpump:高输出机油泵：RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000......30 PSI.......1.5
2,000......60 PSI.......3
4,000....120 PSI.......6 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5
8,000....240 PSI.......12we stick with the same grade oil and increase the oil pump outputwe will increase the pressure and the oil flow too. If we doublethe oil pump output we will double the pressure and we will doublethe oil flow.如果我们使用相同粘度级的机油，增加机油泵输出，会增加机油压力和机油流速。如果机油泵双倍输出，我们也将获得双倍机油压力和双倍的流速。(C)For a 40 grade oil at operatingtemperature:运转温度下 40 粘度级机油：The oil is thicker, has more internal resistance and thereforerequires more pressure to get the same flow. Compare this with机油变粘了，有更大的内部阻力，因此需要更大的压力得到相同的流速。与(A)对比：RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000......30 PSI.......1
2,000......60 PSI.......2
4,000....120 PSI.......4 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 3
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 38,000.....240 PSI......8(D)For a 40 grade oil at operatingtemperature运转温度下 40 粘度级机油
and a higher output oilpump:高输出机油泵：
RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速1,000......45 PSI....…1.5
2,000......90 PSI.......3 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 3
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 34,000....180 PSI…....68,000....360 PSI.......12The situations (A) and (C) are close to real life, assuming no lossin the system. This is what happens when you change the 30 gradeoil to a 40 grade oil in your car:假设系统没有损失，（A）和（C）两种情况都很接近实际生活。这就是你从 30 粘度级机油换到 40粘度级机油在你发动机中所发生的：(A) For a 30 grade oil at operatingtemperature:运转温度下 30 粘度级机油：RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数......机油压力.....流速
1,000.....20 PSI........1
2,000.....40 PSI........2
4,000.....80 PSI........4
8,000....160 PSI.......8 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5(C) For a 40 grade oil at operatingtemperature:运转温度下40粘度级机油：
The oil is thicker, has more internal resistance and thereforerequires more pressure to get the same flow.
机油变粘了，有更大的内部阻力，因此需要更大的压力得到相同的流速。RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......30 PSI.......1
2,000......60 PSI.......2
4,000....120 PSI.......4 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 3
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为8,000.....240 PSI......8At 6,000 RPM the maximum rate of flow has been reached with thethinner oil (A). When you go to 7，8 or 9,000 RPM you do not get anymore flow. You only get a maximum rate of 5. The internal forces onthe bearings increase but there is no additional flow of oil.情况（A）使用稀的机油，在 6000 RPM 时机油已经达到了最高流速。当转数上升到 7，8 或 9，000 RPM时，并不能再获得更高的流速了，你依然获得着最大的流速5。内部作用在轴承上的力量增加，但机油流速没有得到增加。With the thicker oil you reach maximum flow at 3,000 RPM (C). Worseyet is that the maximum flow is now only 3. As we increase RPM to4，5，6，7，8，9,000 RPM we get no additional pressure and no additionalflow, no increase in lubrication.情况（C）使用粘的机油，达到机油最大流速在 3,000 RPM 。更糟糕的是那时的最大机油流速仅有 3。当转数上升到4，5，6，7，8，9，000 RPM 时，我们并不会得到更高的机油压力和更高流速，也不会获得额外的润滑。Next let us look at a 20 grade oil at operating temperature. We getthe same flow out of our constant volume pump but the thinner oilrequires less pressure to move through the system. This even goesalong with the rule that we should use an oil that gives us 10 PSIper 1,000 RPM:下面我们看一下 20粘度级的机油在发动机运转温度下的情况。同样的机油泵，同样的流速，稀的机油需要更低压力。这也遵循这相同的原则，我们用的机油每 1000RPM 获得 l0 PSI 的机油压力。RPM.....Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000..........10 PSI..........1
2,000..........20 PSI..........2
4,000..........40 PSI..........4
8,000..........80 PSI..........8The maximum flow rate has not been reached. If the engine went to9,000 RPM then the flow would be 9 at 90 PSI，our maximum pressureat pop off. The engine now has 3 times the flow rate as with the 40grade oil at full RPM. The nozzles at the bottom of each cylinderare spraying 3 times the amount of oil lubricating and cooling thissection. Everything runs cooler and the separation forces in thebearings are 3 times higher.这个最大流速没有达到。如果发动机达到 9000 RPM ，能达到最大压力 90 PSI 流速会达到 9。这时发动机比 40粘度级机油满转流速快 3 倍，汽缸底部的喷嘴喷出 3 倍数量的机油润滑和散热这一部分。每个零件运转的都更凉爽并且分散了轴承 3倍的受力。For engines that redline at 5,000 RPM they usually pop off the oilpressure at 50 to 60 PSI. For engines that go to 8-9,000 RPM thepressures max out at 90-100 PSI. You can now see that you can onlyget the maximum flow rate if you follow the 10 PSI I 1,000 RPMrule.如果发动机红线在 5000 RPM 通常 50 到 60 PSI 时泄压阀开启。如果发动机红线在 8-9000 RPM，机油压力最大输出为 90-100 PSI 。现在可以看出，你只需遵循 10 PSI / 1,000 RPM这个规律就可以获得最大流速。The winner: 0W-20 grade oil for my Maranello. I said earlier that Icould have used a 10 grade oil. I actually only ran with 185 F oiltemperatures around town and the pressures were similar to the 40grade oil example in (C) above. This is why I also said that in theracetrack condition, with hotter，thinner (0W-20) oil， I mayactually get the optimal results as in (D) above.
获胜者：对于我的 Maranello 是 0W-20 粘度级。我之前说过，我其实想用 10粘度级的机油。实际上我在城市驾驶机油温度仅有 85 度因此机油压力相当于 40粘度级机油如上面的（C）情况。这就是为什么我说在赛道情况，伴随着高热量，稀的（0W-20）机油会获得最佳的效果，如上面的（D）情况。Now let us go back to the Ferrari recommended parameters in my 575Maranello manual. It calls for 75 PSI at 6,000 RPM. The pop offpressure has not been reached. As we now increase the RPM we stillget an increase in flow rate. This is what we need and this isexactly what they are recommending. We get our maximum flow at themaximum system pressure, at about the maximum engine RPM of 7,700.There is no bypassing of the oil. All oil pumped goes through thesystem. There is no wasted BHP pumping oil past the bypass valveback to the oil tank. It is the perfect system.现在我们回到法拉利 575 Maranello 手册里建议的参数。它要求在 6000 RPM 时有 75 PSI的机油压力，这时未达到泄压阀开启压力，增加机油压力也会增加流速。这是我们需要的也正是他们所建议的，在发动机最高转数 7700 RPM时获得最大机油流速和系统最高机油压力。机油没有走旁路，所有的机油泵送到发动机系统中。机油泵的输出没有浪费，机油没有通过旁支泄压阀流回油底壳，这是完美的系统。Finally I will compare a single, 30 grade oil, at normal (212 F)and at racetrack (302 F) temperatures:最后对比一下 30 粘度级机油在一般情况（100 度）和在赛道情况（150 度）：(A) For a 30 grade oil at normal (212 F) operatingtemperature:30 粘度级机油在正常（100 度）运转温度：RPM.......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......20 PSI.........1
2,000......40 PSI.........24,000......80 PSI.........48,000....160 PSI.........8 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在 90 PSI 时流速为 5(E) For a 30 grade oil at elevated (302 F) operating temperature.The oil is thinner at 302 F. It requires less pressure to get thesame flow:粘度级机油在升高的（150度）工作温度下。机油在 150 度时会变稀。达到相同的流速它需要更小的机油压力：
RPM.......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......10 PSI.........1
2,000......20 PSI.........24,000......40 PSI.........48,000......80 PSI.........8 Themaximum flow because of the oil pop off valve at 90 PSI will be9
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在90 PSI 时流速为 9
The hotter (302 F) 30 grade oil is thinner than the cooler (212 F)30 grade oil. It has the same flow rate in the constant volume oilpump but at a lower pressure than the oil at normal operatingtemperature. This allows for a doubling of the flow rate at peakRPM. The thinning of oil at higher temperatures is a benefit. Youget more flow, more cooling and more lubrication.热的（150 度）30 粘度级机油比凉的（100 度）30粘度级机油稀。达到相同的机油流速，热的机油比正常工作温度机油需要更小的压力。这样在峰值转数流速能提升一倍。在高温下稀的机油是有好处的，可以获得更高的流速，更好的散热和更好的润滑。The 30 grade oil at 302 F has the exact same flow rate andpressures as the 20 grade oil at 212 F. See (D) above. Therefore,use the 20 grade for around town driving and the 30 grade on thehot track. You get maximum flow at each situation.30 粘度级机油在 150 度时与 20 粘度机油在 100 度时流速和机油压力相同。参照上面（D）情况。因此在城市驾驶使用 20粘度级，在高热的赛道使用 30 粘度级，两种情况你会获得相同的流速。For YOUR engine, substitute the actual flow at 1,000 RPM. If yourengine puts out 1.5 liters/min. at 1,000 RPM it would put out 3liters/min. at 2,000 RPM and 6 liters/min. at 4,000 RPM and so on.The maximum flow in (A) would be 7.5 liters/min. In situations (D)and (E) you would get a maximum of 13.5 liters/min.
对于你的发动机，替代实际流速在 1000 RPM 。如果你的发动机在1000 RPM 时输出为 1.5 升/分钟，在 2000 RPM 时输出 3 升/分钟，在 4000 RPM 时输出 6升/分钟，以此类推。在（A）时最大流速在 7.5 升/分钟，在情况（D）和情况（E）时会获得最大 13.5 升/分钟的流速。Conclusions:
The reason that multi-grade oils were developed in the first placewas to address the problem of oil thickening after engine shutdown.Over the years we have been able to reduce the amount of thickeningthat occurs. Never-the-less there is no oil that does not thickenafter you turn your engine off. This is why we have to warm up ourengines before revving them up. Engine designers always pick therecommended oil based on a hot engine and hot oil. There is noissue with oil thinning as they are both matched when hot. Theproblem is oil thickening when the engine cools.多级机油发展最初是解决发动机熄火后机油变粘这一问题。多年来我们在一定程度上已经能够减少机油变粘这一现象的发生。尽管如此，并存在熄火后一点不变粘的机油。这也是为什么在加速前我们需要预热发动机。发动机设计者选择推荐的机油总是基于热的发动机和热的机油。机油变稀没有问题，因为热了以后与发动机匹配了。问题是温度没达到时机油粘度过大。Cold engine showing very high pressures because of the thickenedoil at startup:
冷的发动机表现为非常高的机油压力，因为在启动时机油粘度很高：For a 40 gradeoil at 75 F at startup:
40 粘度级机油在冷启动 24 度时：The oil is thicker, has more internal resistance and thereforerequires more pressure to get the same flow.
粘的机油内部阻力大，因此需要更大的机油压力才能达到相同的想流速。RPM......Pressure.....Flow转数.....机油压力.....流速
1,000......60 PSI.........1
2,000....120 PSI.........2 The maximum flow because of the oil popoff valve at 90 PSI will be 1.5
最大流速由于泄压阀弹开，在90 PSI 时流速为1.54,000....240 PSI.........48,000....480 PSI.........8At 1,500 RPM you reach the maximum oil flow rate and if you run to8,000 RPM it is the same rate. The flow cannot increase and it isinsufficient. This is why we must wait until our oil temperaturecomes up to 212 F or higher. The maximum flow rate in this casewill then double, up to 3. To get even more flow in our test engineyou need to use a lower viscosity grade.在 1500 RPM 达到了最高机油流速，而且即使转数达到 8000 RPM也是这个流速，不会增加，而且这样的流速是不够的。这也是为什么要等待机油温度上升到 100度或更高的原因。在这种情况，最高流速会增长一倍，达到 3。想获得更高的流速经过我们的测试你需要更换更低粘度的机油。If you have absorbed and digested the information here you shouldbe able to pick out the proper operating oil grade for your car? beit a 30，40, 50 or even 20 grade oil. I have always used oils thatwere a grade thinner than recommended even though many use a gradethicker than recommended. I showed evidence that the starting gradeshould always be0 or 5 (0W-XX or 5W-XX forthicker oils). If you want the best protection and highest outputfrom your motor use a synthetic based oil. The actual brand is notas critical as the viscosity. The rating must be the SL or SMrating. Change your oil every 3 一 5,000 miles and at least everyspring.如果你已经吸收和消化了这些内容，你一定有能力选出适合你驾驶风格和你汽车的机油，它可能是 30，40，50 或者甚至 20粘度级的机油。我一直使用比建议粘度稀一个等级的机油，尽管许多人在使用比建议粘度等级更粘的。之前我已经证明过，启动粘度应该总是 0 或5（对于粘的机油 0W-XX 或5W-XX）。如果想得到更好的保护和更高的输出，那你应该使用全合成机油。事实上，品牌不像粘度那样需要挑剔。等级一定要 SL 或 SM级。更换你的机油每 3-5000 英里并且至少春季要更换一次。Final examination to follow later.
随后是最终测试。THE END
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发布于 ： 2021-03-24
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